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Solar Power and Mbarara Update

It’s been a busy couple of weeks, with not nearly enough access to internet cafes!

This week I am back in Mbarara, currently using the computer science lab (which is empty because the students are all doing exams now), but also meeting with various professors here (again!) and working with Ben and Richard on the Smartphones for OBA project.

The major update is that we are now collaborating with the Faculty of Science at Mbarara (Physics Dept) to figure out solar power options for the health clinics participating in the OBA program. They are currently engaged in research evaluating the degradation of imported solar panels and are the perfect collaborators for this project. They also have experience with circuit-soldering, so they’ll try to use Manuel’s solar charge controllers both for their own experiments and our project.

We also visited the Marie Stopes International Uganda office and one of the Marie Stopes Uganda clinics. They are currently using the VMUS database developed by Microcare, and have two people entering the data from the (triplicate-carbon-copy) forms that are collected from the various clinics participating in the OBA program. Right now the system is down, so the forms are piling up, and they are entering the data into Excel, so they can process the reimbursements. I’ll head back there today or tomorrow to hammer on the SmartForm and figure out exactly what it should look like. At the clinic we spoke to Steven about his experience participating in the program. The major issues he identified are timeliness of reimbursement processing, limitations on the range of treatment options (if someone is diagnosed with a non-STI bacterial infection then they have to pay for treatment in addition to what they paid for the voucher, although I think the consult is covered), and patients coming in with vouchers that clearly don’t have an STI, and therefore are not eligible for subsidized treatment.  So there is a need for better and clearer marketing.  Richard suggested giving distributors placards that (literate) patients can read so they know what services the voucher will cover.  They also have problems with people going to multiple centers, and not having documentation for previous visits, or buying multiple vouchers and having tests done unnecessarily.   We hope that with the SmartForms project we’ll be able to address some of these issues, by making voucher records more accessible, and improving the communications process around the form submissions.  There’s lots of ideas flying around and a lot of work to do!

For the rest of the week (before I take off for Ghana) Richard and Ben and I will be visiting the various health clinics and talking to them about the project, getting a feel for their willingness/interest, as well as the environment in which the phones would be deployed.  We’ll start testing/piloting in August when I get back.

Of Government Meetings and Snazzy Powerpoint Animations

The culmination of our many many meetings was our presentations to the Ministry of Health and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Nakaseke district.  (Although admittedly the MP meeting was a bit of a surprise, so a bit extemporaneous.)  We had been spending our evenings in Luwero (the town near Nakaseke where we were staying) processing everything we learned, and our days visiting the health centers.  We interviewed the in-charges, nursing assistants, and records officers/assistants at 3-4 health centers a day, and asked about stock management, health information reporting, and the general challenges they each faced in their daily work.  Almost none of the lower health centers (HCIIs and HCIIIs) had power (“We use lamps”), but even in the HCs with power the staff had mobile phones.  In those cases, they charge the phone by sending it off overnight with a matatu (the public mini-bus system) driver for the price of 500 shillings.  Most people have nokia candybars that stay charged for about 4 days.

I’m impressed overall with the staff we’ve talked to, and with how well all of the health centers comply with the Ministry of Health’s health information reporting policies.  They each submit weekly reports on highly infectious diseases (sometimes by SMS) as well as more comprehensive (4 page) monthly reports on stock levels, outpatient population, and diagnoses. In Rakai (another district) they submit these reports via PDA and gprs – here, they submit on paper in person to the district hospital in Nakaseke.

You can check out our findings in the presentation we made to the MoH, along with some ideas for integrating smartphones into their existing system.  The presentations (ours and that of the ICT team) were well received, and we are all looking forward to further collaboration on a project proposal, and hopefully a pilot once we receive funding to move forward.  There’s a lot of questions left to be answered (how do we balance paper and digital records? What about power?) and a lot of work to be done, but I have high hopes that handheld computing and communication devices like smartphones can make a positive impact on healthcare in Africa!

Smart Delivery with SmartVouchers

I’ve been in Uganda for almost a week now, doing a needs assessment with the East Africa Blum Fellows smartphone team – on whether and how smartphones can be used in the context of healthcare in Uganda.  We’ve had meetings all over Kampala, with Satellife/Healthnet Uganda, the Ministry of Health, and various people at Makarere University.  See my flickr account for a photo diary.

My most productive meeting so far has been with Francis and Gerry at Microcare, Uganda’s largest insurance company.  Ben Bellows has been working with Microcare and Marie Stopes International on Output Based Aid (OBA), a voucher-based scheme for the delivery of STI treatment in the Mbarara district 6 hours drive west of Kampala (by the way, I just arrived in Mbarara yesterday). Ben and I (along with Mahad and Sonesh) have been talking about how to integrate smartphones into the voucher claims process and recently won a CITRIS award to fund the implementation of a pilot deployment.  So when I arrived in Kampala, I made plans to meet Microcare and MSI to talk about our plans.

What strikes me most about Gerry and Francis is how fast they think.  Having learned all about their insurance system, I asked why they didn’t use smart cards for the OBA program as well. In a flurry of conversation we realized that the smart cards are durable enough to be reused – and would be a useful platform for a new rural program promoting antenatal care.  Rather than using vouchers, which could be resold or appropriated, they will issue smart cards for the 9-month duration of the pregnancy, recording visits.  The "admission" into the program would be the cost of the smart card (about $1), and upon completion the patients would return the card in exchange for a small gift (we were thinking of baby socks).  Within five minutes of my question, we not only had a whole scheme worked out, we also had a name: Smart Delivery.  Using smartphones enabled with smart card readers we can set up a rural terminal such that transactions can be delivered efficently via SMS at extremely low cost. Within one hour, we had defined a protocol, and Francis had assigned the project to one of his software engineers (Microcare insources their work to a wholly owned software company in Chennai) and made plans to complete the work by June 15th.  I’ll keep you posted on what happens!  In the meantime, I’ve loaned them my two GPRS modems, so they will be testing the system using two PCs.  I’ll see what I can do to implement the smartphone version…although it’s been entertaining trying to figure out the APIs without access to the web for documentation!

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